According to survey data 78% of the voting-age Turkish citizens in Istanbul state "Turkish" as their ethnic identity. No description found. [88] The population of Istanbul began to rapidly increase in the 1970s, as people from Anatolia migrated to the city to find employment in the many new factories that were built on the outskirts of the sprawling metropolis. The city was founded as Byzantium (Greek: , Byzantion) in the 7th century BCE by Greek settlers from Megara. Atatrk Olympic Stadium, the largest multi-purpose stadium in Turkey, was completed in 2002 as an IAAF first-class venue for track and field. Texas is approximately 678,052 sq km, while Turkey is approximately 783,562 sq km, making Turkey 16% larger than Texas. [253][254][255] Galatasaray and Fenerbahe have a long-standing rivalry, with Galatasaray based in the European part and Fenerbahe based in the Anatolian part of the city. Paris ([pa.i]) est la commune la plus peuple et la capitale de la France. [118] The Turkish government also has ambitious plans for an expansion of the city west and northwards on the European side in conjunction with the new Istanbul Airport, opened in 2019; the new parts of the city will include four different settlements with specified urban functions, housing 1.5million people. [352] Bluefish, bonito, sea bass, horse mackerel and anchovies composes the economically important species. The presence of feral cats in Istanbul (Turkish: sokak kedisi) is noted to be very prevalent, with estimates ranging from a hundred thousand to over a million stray cats. [291] In later years, in response to increasing public demand, water from various springs was channeled to public fountains, like the Fountain of Ahmed III, by means of supply lines. Between the four corners of the obelisk and the pedestal are four bronze cubes, used in its transportation and re-erection. [254] Istanbul has seven basketball teamsAnadolu Efes, Beikta, Darafaka, Fenerbahe, Galatasaray, stanbul Bykehir Belediyespor and Bykekmecethat play in the premier-level Turkish Basketball Super League. The Caalolu street on which the newspaper was printed, Bb- li Street, rapidly became the center of Turkish print media, alongside Beyolu across the Golden Horn. [315] Road transport emits significant carbon dioxide, estimated at 7 million tons in 2021. The Neolithic settlement in the Yenikap quarter on the European side, which dates back to c. 6500 BCE and predates the formation of the Bosporus strait by approximately a millennium (when the Sea of Marmara was still a lake)[124] was discovered during the construction of the Marmaray railway tunnel. Istanbul's foreign population with a residence permit increased dramatically, from 43,000 in 2007[163] to 856,377 in 2019. Turkey is popular and budget friendly vacation spots and many people from around the world come to make cheap but quality shopping. [363], Originally a church, later a mosque, the 6th-century, Two aerial photos showing the Golden Horn and the Bosporus, taken from a German zeppelin on 19 March 1918. Despite efforts to make Ankara Turkey's cultural heart, Istanbul had the country's primary institution of art until the 1970s. Environmentalist groups worry that the third bridge will endanger the remaining green areas to the north of Istanbul. [47][48] Numerous churches were built across the city, including Hagia Sophia which was built during the reign of Justinian the Great and remained the world's largest cathedral for a thousand years. [159] 64.4% of the residents live on the European side and 35.6% on the Asian side. [258] kr Saracolu Stadium, Fenerbahe's home field, hosted the 2009 UEFA Cup Final three years after its completion. [citation needed], Istanbul had the eleventh-largest economy among the world's urban areas in 2018, and is responsible for 30 percent of Turkey's industrial output,[205] 31 percent of GDP,[205] and 47 percent of tax revenues. [20], The name stanbul (Turkish pronunciation:[istanbu] (listen), colloquial Turkish pronunciation:[stambu]) is commonly held to derive from the Medieval Greek phrase " " (pronounced Greek pronunciation:[is tim bolin]), which means "to the city"[21] and is how Constantinople was referred to by the local Greeks. [189] In large part due to emigration to Israel, the Jewish population in the city dropped from 100,000 in 1950[190] to 15,000 in 2021. [90] The threat of major earthquakes plays a large role in the city's infrastructure development, with over 500,000 vulnerable buildings demolished and replaced since 2012. [115] Moreover, large scale gentrification and urban renewal projects have been taking place,[116] such as the one in Tarlaba;[117] some of these projects, like the one in Sulukule, have faced criticism. Since 2023, the Ataehir district on the Asian side of the city is home to the Istanbul Financial Center (IFC), where the new headquarters of the state-owned Turkish banks, including the Turkish Central Bank, are located. [58] Constantinople's churches, defenses, and basic services were in disrepair,[59] and its population had dwindled to a hundred thousand from half a million during the 8th century. Emirgan Park is known for its diversity of plants and an annual tulip festival is held there since 2005. The majority of the Catholic Levantines (Turkish: Levanten) in Istanbul and Izmir are the descendants of traders/colonists from the Italian maritime republics of the Mediterranean (especially Genoa and Venice) and France, who obtained special rights and privileges called the Capitulations from the Ottoman sultans in the 16th century. [139] The city, considered capital of the larger Istanbul Province, is administered by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (MMI), which oversees the 39 districts of the city-province. [205] Istanbul's productivity is 110 percent higher than the national average. [135] In 1639, Murad IV made some of the most lavish additions, including the Baghdad Kiosk, to commemorate his conquest of Baghdad the previous year. [331] Most visitors enter Istanbul by air, but about half a million foreign tourists enter the city by sea each year. [287], In 2015, more than 57,000 students attended 7,934 schools,[288] including the renowned Galatasaray High School, Kabata Erkek Lisesi, and Istanbul Lisesi. It'll show you the two of you next to each other. [237] The most prominent of the festivals that evolved from the original Istanbul Festival is the Istanbul Biennial, held every two years since 1987. Drag and drop countries around the map to compare their relative size. Altay, Volkan; Ouml, Brahim Lker; zyiit; Yarci, Celal (31 January 2010). Following the model of French cities, this religious system was replaced by a mayor and a citywide council composed of representatives of the confessional groups (millet) across the city. [89], Istanbul is located in north-western Turkey and straddles the Bosporus Strait, which provides the only passage from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean via the Sea of Marmara. However, it is the Hagia Sophia that fully conveys the period of Constantinople as a city without parallel in Christendom. [177] Native Arab population in Turkey who are Turkish citizens are found to be making up less than 1% of city's total adult population. The Treaty of Lausanne was signed on 24 July 1923, and the occupation of Constantinople ended with the departure of the last forces of the Allies from the city on 4 October 1923. 1 214 km 2. 140.36$ higher average salary? Inalcik, Halil. 9.5K. [130] The minarets date from that period. mamolu won the vote with 48.77% of the vote, against Yldrm's 48.61%, but the elections were controversially annulled by the Supreme Electoral Council due to AKP's claim of electoral fraud. [168], Istanbul has been a cosmopolitan city throughout much of its history, but it has become more homogenized since the end of the Ottoman era. The whole city was generally known as Constantinople or under other names. Istanbul has more than 93 colleges and universities,[288] with 400,000 students[289] enrolled in 2016. [205] The city's gross domestic product adjusted by PPP stood at US$537.507 billion in 2018,[206] with manufacturing and services accounting for 36 percent and 60 percent of the economic output respectively. Hours later, the sultan rode to the Hagia Sophia and summoned an imam to proclaim the Islamic creed, converting the grand cathedral into an imperial mosque due to the city's refusal to surrender peacefully. Istanbul became one of the world's most important Jewish centers in the 16th and 17th century. Sergius and Bacchus, the Church of Theotokos Pammakaristos, the Monastery of the Pantocrator, the Monastery of Christ Pantepoptes, the Hagia Theodosia, the Church of Theotokos Kyriotissa, the Monastery of Constantine Lips, the Church of Myrelaion, the Hagios Theodoros, etc. Over the next four centuries, the Ottomans transformed Istanbul's urban landscape with a vast building scheme that included the construction of towering mosques and ornate palaces. You can add up to 50 objects! Istanbul's main bus station is the largest in Europe, with a daily capacity of 15,000 buses and 600,000 passengers, serving destinations as distant as Frankfurt.[340][341]. The industry has its roots in the former Ottoman capital, where the first Turkish newspaper, Takvim-i Vekayi (Calendar of Affairs), was published in 1831. The forest originally supplied water to the city and remnants of reservoirs used during Byzantine and Ottoman times survive. [285] Istanbul is home to the headquarters of several Turkish stations and regional headquarters of international media outlets. En nihayetinde olabildiince doal . Istanbul had three large international airports, two of which currently serve commercial passenger flights. Necdet Sakaolu (1993/94a): "stanbul'un adlar" ["The names of Istanbul"]. 2662 people/km vs 10000 people/km Has a seaside beach? Topkap Palace, dating back to 1465, is the oldest seat of government surviving in Istanbul. Maslak, Levent, and Bomonti are important nodes within the CBD. [191][192][193], Politically, Istanbul is seen as the most important administrative region in Turkey. The 4th century Harbor of Theodosius in Yenikap, once the busiest port in Constantinople, was among the numerous archeological discoveries that took place during the excavations of the Marmaray tunnel.[26]. Along the European side, and close to the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, is Emirgan Park, which was known as the Kyparades (Cypress Forest) during the Byzantine period. [60], Various economic and military policies instituted by Andronikos II, such as the reduction of military forces, weakened the empire and left it vulnerable to attack. The BBC has a regional office in Istanbul, assisting its Turkish-language news operations, and the American news channel CNN established the Turkish-language CNN Trk there in 1999. This to-scale comparison of Texas vs. Turkey uses the Mercator projection, which distorts the size of regions near the poles . [91] The fault caused the earthquakes in 1766 and 1894. Around 90% of Istanbul's population are Sunni Muslims and Alevism forms the second biggest religious group. [67] He also invited people from all over Europe to his capital, creating a cosmopolitan society that persisted through much of the Ottoman period. [276][277], Most state-run radio and television stations are based in Ankara, but Istanbul is the primary hub of Turkish media. [231] Movie theaters rapidly cropped up in Beyolu, with the greatest concentration of theaters being along the street now known as stiklal Avenue. Informations San Diego (, Spanish: [san djeo]; Spanish for 'Saint Didacus') is a city in the U.S. state of California on the coast of the Pacific Ocean, approximately 110 miles (180 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico. [252] Galatasaray SK and Fenerbahe SK have fared better in international competitions and have won more Sper Lig titles, at 22 and 19 times, respectively. [316], Istanbul's local public transportation system is a network of commuter trains, trams, funiculars, metro lines, buses, bus rapid transit, and ferries. Select two countries to compare United States compared to Search for a country, continent, or state. Buses from Anatolia stop here en route to Esenler bus station, 20-25 min further. p. 236. [141][142] This system continued beyond the founding of the Turkish Republic, with the province renamed a belediye (municipality), but the municipality was disbanded in 1957.[143]. A great tool for educators. The average after-tax salary is enough to cover living expenses for 0.6 months in Istanbul compared to 0.5 months in Mogadishu. "Urban flora and ecological characteristics of the Kartal District (Istanbul): A contribution to urban ecology in Turkey". [112], As a result of Istanbul's exponential growth in the 20th century, a significant portion of the city is composed of gecekondus (literally "built overnight"), referring to illegally constructed squatter buildings. As the eastern capital of the empire, the city was named Nova Roma; most called it Constantinople, a name that persisted into the 20th century. [e] After the reconquest of 1261, however, some of the city's monuments were restored, and some, like the two Deesis mosaics in Hagia Sophia and Kariye, were created. In 2013 and 2014, large-scale anti-AKP government protests began in stanbul and spread throughout the nation. The Byzantine Empire was restored, albeit weakened, in 1261. [12] The city played a key role in the advancement of Christianity during Roman/Byzantine times, hosting four of the first seven ecumenical councils before its transformation to an Islamic stronghold following the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 CEespecially after becoming the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1517. [185] The community had more than 15,000 members during Atatrk's presidency in the 1920s and 1930s, but today is reduced to only a few hundreds, according to Italo-Levantine writer Giovanni Scognamillo. [297], A nascent telephone system began to emerge in Istanbul in 1881 and after the first manual telephone exchange became operational in Istanbul in 1909, the Ministry of Post and Telegraph became the Ministry of Post, Telegraph, and Telephone. [279], Istanbul now has a wide variety of periodicals. In June 2021 a marine mucilage wave allegedly caused by water pollution spread to Sea of Marmara. [164][165], According to 2020 TK data around 2.1 million people in a population of over 15.4 million have been registered[g] in Istanbul, meanwhile the vast majority of the residents ultimately originate from Anatolian provinces, especially those in the Black Sea, Central and Eastern Anatolia regions due to internal migration since the 1950s. [27][26][28][29] The first human settlement on the Asian side, the Fikirtepe mound, is from the Copper Age period, with artifacts dating from 5500 to 3500 BCE,[30] On the European side, near the point of the peninsula (Sarayburnu), there was a Thracian settlement during the early 1st millennium BCE. A 2016 survey of 230 cities by consultant Mercer ranked Tehran 203rd for quality of life. Critics have claimed that the bans were in fact due to ideological reasons. [280] As public hospitals tend to be overcrowded or otherwise slow, private hospitals are preferable for those who can afford them. It handled 61.3 million passengers in 2015, which made it the third-busiest airport in Europe and the 18th-busiest in the world in that year. With its focus now solely on music and dance, the Istanbul Festival has been known as the Istanbul International Music Festival since 1994. [15] Istanbul has three major shipping ports the Port of Haydarpaa, the Port of Ambarl, and the Port of Zeytinburnu as well as several smaller ports and oil terminals along the Bosporus and the Sea of Marmara. The high population growth mirrors an urbanization trend across the country, as the second and third fastest-growing OECD metropolises are the Turkish cities of Izmir and Ankara. deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915, terminology used to classify the city's climate, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey, International Council of Shopping Centers, Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Second Bosphorus) Bridge, Yavuz Sultan Selim (Third Bosphorus) Bridge, List of twin towns and sister cities of Istanbul, "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2022", "Sub-national HDI Area Database Global Data Lab", "Top city destinations by overnight visitors", "Marmaray kazlarnda tarih gn na kt", "Blue Versus Green: Rocking the Byzantine Empire", Globalization, Cosmopolitanism, and the Dnme in Ottoman Salonica and Turkish Istanbul, "Turkey recovers from one earthquake and braces for more", "64 pct chance of Istanbul quake to hit before 2030: Expert", "Turkey: New building code for earthquake resilience", "Analysis of Climate in the Megacity of Istanbul Based on Human Bioclimatic Comfort Index", "stanbul'da baz ilelerde kar kalnl 85 santimetreyi buldu", "Rivista Ligure di Meteorologia 44 - La neve sulle coste del Mediterraneo", "Gov't forced to take measures amid below average rainfall across Turkey", "Lightning electrifies Istanbul, northwestern Turkey skies as thunderstorms take over", "Istanbul flood result of Turkey's climate change", "Climatologie globale Istanbul / Ataturk - Infoclimat", "Temperature to increase significantly in Turkey in 30 years due to global warming, warns climate expert", "Xeriscaping Feasibility as an Urban Adaptation Method for Global Warming: A Case Study from Turkey", Istanbul Office Market General Overview: Third Quarter 2021, WCTR Society & Unyu Seisaku Kenky Kik 2004, "Gov't launches plan to fight illegal construction", "Poor but Proud Istanbul Neighborhood Faces Gentrification", "Forced gentrification plan spells end for old Roma district in Istanbul", "New city construction to begin in six months", "Water Supply Systems, Reservoirs, Charity and Free Fountains, Turkish Baths", "Illustration of the Lake (later Sea) of Marmara and the formation of the Turkish Straits after the Black Sea deluge", Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2008, "Population of Istanbul in Turkey from 2007 to 2019", "Address Based Population Registration System Results of 2010", "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2019", "File 11a: The 30 Largest Urban Agglomerations Ranked by Population Size at Each Point in Time, 19502035", "Starting Up in Turkey: Expats Getting Organized", "International Migration Statistics, 2019", "Doum yerlerine gre stanbul nfusu ve i gler", "stanbul'da en ok nereli var: stanbul'da en ok hangi ilden vatanda yayor? 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